1. In your own words, define what is a mutation?
Abnormal inherited or acquired permeant alteration in the sequences of the nucleotides of the deoxyribonucleic acid of an organism may or may not change organism phenotype, it occurs with a frequency of less than1% among a population.
2. Are mutations bad or good for you? Justify your answer in either case
Mutations could be good, bad, or may have little or no effect.
Beneficial mutations:
Some mutations if they happen they have a positive impact. The new version of protein shows up which make the organism adapt to the environment changes. And good mutations important for organism evolution.
Example:
♣ There is a gene regulates the protein called Apolipoprotein AI, which is participating …show more content…
For example, (alcohol flush reaction) around 50% of Asian people with genetic variation in Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), alcohol metabolizing enzyme. They eliminate alcohol at a slower rate. This variation may keep them away from becoming alcoholic.
Based on the review PAPER 12: "DNA Damage and Repair in Vascular Disease" Annu.
Rev. Physiol. (2016) 78:5.1-5.22,
Respond succinctly and clearly the following three questions:
4. What do the Authors mean when stating "It is often unclear whether DNA damage directly contributes to the disease or is an innocent bystander that is generated by the same stimuli that result in disease but is not causal." Explain using your own words while justifying your response by providing examples
The author here tries to say the cause of DNA damage in vascular diseases is still obscure. Different DNA damage stimulates due to endogenous (e.g. ROS) or exogenous stimuli (e.g. Chemotherapy). So, is the DNA damage cause the vascular disease or is the same stimuli (inflammation or risk factors) indirectly causing DNA damage causing vascular diseases.
Abnormal inherited or acquired permeant alteration in the sequences of the nucleotides of the deoxyribonucleic acid of an organism may or may not change organism phenotype, it occurs with a frequency of less than1% among a population.
2. Are mutations bad or good for you? Justify your answer in either case
Mutations could be good, bad, or may have little or no effect.
Beneficial mutations:
Some mutations if they happen they have a positive impact. The new version of protein shows up which make the organism adapt to the environment changes. And good mutations important for organism evolution.
Example:
♣ There is a gene regulates the protein called Apolipoprotein AI, which is participating …show more content…
For example, (alcohol flush reaction) around 50% of Asian people with genetic variation in Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), alcohol metabolizing enzyme. They eliminate alcohol at a slower rate. This variation may keep them away from becoming alcoholic.
Based on the review PAPER 12: "DNA Damage and Repair in Vascular Disease" Annu.
Rev. Physiol. (2016) 78:5.1-5.22,
Respond succinctly and clearly the following three questions:
4. What do the Authors mean when stating "It is often unclear whether DNA damage directly contributes to the disease or is an innocent bystander that is generated by the same stimuli that result in disease but is not causal." Explain using your own words while justifying your response by providing examples
The author here tries to say the cause of DNA damage in vascular diseases is still obscure. Different DNA damage stimulates due to endogenous (e.g. ROS) or exogenous stimuli (e.g. Chemotherapy). So, is the DNA damage cause the vascular disease or is the same stimuli (inflammation or risk factors) indirectly causing DNA damage causing vascular diseases.