Introduction: Enzymes play a major role in biological systems to catalyze and control different reactions. The study of enzymes’ behaviors toward substrates and products is significant to understand various enzyme catalyzed reactions in living organisms. One of the most important enzymatic group is cytochrome P450 (CYP450) which contribute to the metabolism of many endogenous as well as exogenous substances such as drugs. Although there are several subtypes of CYP450 family, CYP450 1A1 is going to be discussed. Consequently, the main of this paper is to describe the formation of enzyme structure, its active site, function, reactions with other compounds and diseases correlated to it.
Protein Structure:
Structure of CYP450
Three-dimensional …show more content…
They usually react with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The two reactions that will be discussed in this paper are reactions of CYP1A1 enzyme with: TCDD and Benzopyrene ; is included in the oxidoreductase category of enzymes in these reactions. In both cases, it will CYP1A1 hydrolyze them. (7)
To begin with, a closer look will be taken on the reaction of TCDD with CYP1A1. The metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) is in vivo (especially human beings) is mainly depended on the cytochrome P450 proteins, mainly on CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP1A2.2 Focusing on CYP1A1, it utilizes a single oxygen atom to begin the reaction and to form a epoxide from PCDD. That is why it is known as monooxygenase (mono= 1, oxygen, ase= suffix for enzymes). Although polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) or dioxins have so many kinds, the most potent biotype of PCDDs is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD). (8)
Hence, the reasons of hydroxylation of TCDD by CYP1A1are: Other enzymes were excluded except CYP, to make sure that the enzyme which results to TCDD oxidation is …show more content…
These enzymes are found to be in various tissues in our body like lung, skin, liver, embryo, placenta as well as the gastrointestinal tract. As it was mentioned earlier this enzyme’s function is very important in drug metabolism since it converts the drug from hydrophobic to more hydrophilic so it can be excreted easily this process helps to maintain the homeostasis in human’s body. Additionally recent studies indicate that this enzyme is highly contributed in the detoxification and protection of the organs or parts of the body that are exposed to carcinogens chemicals. For example, it has been found that this enzyme is highly active in smokers than the non-smokers in order to metabolize the chemicals in lungs however the exact function of this enzyme in lungs is not determined yet. In fact it has been found that CYP4501A1 has this type of protective function in skin and the placenta as well basically it a cancer protective
Protein Structure:
Structure of CYP450
Three-dimensional …show more content…
They usually react with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The two reactions that will be discussed in this paper are reactions of CYP1A1 enzyme with: TCDD and Benzopyrene ; is included in the oxidoreductase category of enzymes in these reactions. In both cases, it will CYP1A1 hydrolyze them. (7)
To begin with, a closer look will be taken on the reaction of TCDD with CYP1A1. The metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) is in vivo (especially human beings) is mainly depended on the cytochrome P450 proteins, mainly on CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP1A2.2 Focusing on CYP1A1, it utilizes a single oxygen atom to begin the reaction and to form a epoxide from PCDD. That is why it is known as monooxygenase (mono= 1, oxygen, ase= suffix for enzymes). Although polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) or dioxins have so many kinds, the most potent biotype of PCDDs is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD). (8)
Hence, the reasons of hydroxylation of TCDD by CYP1A1are: Other enzymes were excluded except CYP, to make sure that the enzyme which results to TCDD oxidation is …show more content…
These enzymes are found to be in various tissues in our body like lung, skin, liver, embryo, placenta as well as the gastrointestinal tract. As it was mentioned earlier this enzyme’s function is very important in drug metabolism since it converts the drug from hydrophobic to more hydrophilic so it can be excreted easily this process helps to maintain the homeostasis in human’s body. Additionally recent studies indicate that this enzyme is highly contributed in the detoxification and protection of the organs or parts of the body that are exposed to carcinogens chemicals. For example, it has been found that this enzyme is highly active in smokers than the non-smokers in order to metabolize the chemicals in lungs however the exact function of this enzyme in lungs is not determined yet. In fact it has been found that CYP4501A1 has this type of protective function in skin and the placenta as well basically it a cancer protective