C. diphtheriae is generally not motile, club-shaped, no capsule. It is aerobic but can survive without oxygen (faculatively anaerobic), gram-positive bacillus.
Many stains require pantothenic and nicotinic acids for growth, other strains require biotin, thiamine and pimelic acid to grow.
C. diphtheriae puts off a toxin which is an exotoxin released by the bacterium after the entrance of the body. The toxin has an activation and adherence component classifying it as an AB toxin.