Running Head: CONDUCT DISORDER
Conduct Disorder: A Review
Tina Maczis
Seton Hill University
Conduct Disorder: A Review Conduct Disorder was first introduced in the DSM-III in 1980 (Hinshaw & Lee, 2003). Currently, Conduct Disorder is defined in the DSM-V as “a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic right of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) (p. 429). The symptom criterion that makes up Conduct Disorder, as defined by the DSM-V, falls into four main categories: aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of the rules (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). …show more content…
Nock, Kazdin, Hiripi, and Kessler’s study indicates that the lifetime prevalence of Conduct Disorder is 9.5% and the median age of onset is between 11 and 12 years (as cited in Henggler & Sheidow, 2012). Additionally, Nock, Kazdin, Hiripi and Kessler found that prevalence rates of Conduct Disorder rise with age, and that individuals with CD are more often found in urban areas (as cited in Henggler & Sheidow, 2012). One study reported by the CDC indicates that the highest prevalence of behavioral or conduct disorder is among black non-Hispanic children (Perou, et al., 2013). Across the United States and from country to country, however, rates of prevalence are consistent (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Moreover, Conduct Disorder is always found to occur more often in males than in females with one report indicating that CD occurs twice as often in males than females (Perou, et al., 2013). Furthermore, the display of behavior between genders differs as well; males are more likely to exhibit both physical and relational aggression whereas females are more like to only display symptomatic relational aggression (American Psychiatric Association, …show more content…
475). In actuality, CD can occur secondary to depression or anxiety and findings show that treatment can resolve CD symptom behaviors, however these symptom behaviors may reoccur in subsequent episodes of depression or anxiety (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001). Other correlations include a slower resting heart rate in individuals with CD, a lower than average IQ especially in regard to verbal IQ, and also reduced autonomic fear conditioning; however these characteristics are not diagnostic of CD (American Psychiatric Association,
Conduct Disorder: A Review
Tina Maczis
Seton Hill University
Conduct Disorder: A Review Conduct Disorder was first introduced in the DSM-III in 1980 (Hinshaw & Lee, 2003). Currently, Conduct Disorder is defined in the DSM-V as “a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic right of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) (p. 429). The symptom criterion that makes up Conduct Disorder, as defined by the DSM-V, falls into four main categories: aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of the rules (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). …show more content…
Nock, Kazdin, Hiripi, and Kessler’s study indicates that the lifetime prevalence of Conduct Disorder is 9.5% and the median age of onset is between 11 and 12 years (as cited in Henggler & Sheidow, 2012). Additionally, Nock, Kazdin, Hiripi and Kessler found that prevalence rates of Conduct Disorder rise with age, and that individuals with CD are more often found in urban areas (as cited in Henggler & Sheidow, 2012). One study reported by the CDC indicates that the highest prevalence of behavioral or conduct disorder is among black non-Hispanic children (Perou, et al., 2013). Across the United States and from country to country, however, rates of prevalence are consistent (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Moreover, Conduct Disorder is always found to occur more often in males than in females with one report indicating that CD occurs twice as often in males than females (Perou, et al., 2013). Furthermore, the display of behavior between genders differs as well; males are more likely to exhibit both physical and relational aggression whereas females are more like to only display symptomatic relational aggression (American Psychiatric Association, …show more content…
475). In actuality, CD can occur secondary to depression or anxiety and findings show that treatment can resolve CD symptom behaviors, however these symptom behaviors may reoccur in subsequent episodes of depression or anxiety (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001). Other correlations include a slower resting heart rate in individuals with CD, a lower than average IQ especially in regard to verbal IQ, and also reduced autonomic fear conditioning; however these characteristics are not diagnostic of CD (American Psychiatric Association,