world and themselves (Young, Klosko & Weishaar, 2003). These beliefs and perceptions usually develop during childhood or adolescence because of psychologically harmful experiences involving family members or other significant individuals, and for this reason are referred to as early maladaptive schemas. According to this theory, early maladaptive schemas develop in response to unmet core emotional needs, namely: secure attachment to others, autonomy/competence, freedom to express emotions, spontaneity, and realistic limits/self-control. It was previously suggested that because of this process, people can develop different types of psychological disorders and engage in a continuum of dysfunctional behaviors (Young et al., 2003).
Alford & Beck (1997) asserted that cognitive distortions arise from “patterns” and “predispositions”, indicating that this maladaptive pattern of thinking may be trait-like rather than state-like. This theory indicates that cognitive distortions play a pivotal role in the genesis, maintenance, and …show more content…
(Barriga, Mark & Carl, 2008; Nas, Daniel & Willem, 2005; Larden, Martin, Lennart, Ulrika & Niklass, 2006) In relation to anti-social behavior, Gibbs and Potter developed a four-category typology of cognitive distortions, which is nowadays most frequently used in this research field. First, they distinguished primary cognitive distortions, referring to self-centered attitudes and beliefs, from secondary cognitive distortions, which refer to rationalizations that serve to neutralize feelings of empathy-based guilt. Secondary cognitive distortions can preserve the self-image of the juvenile after an antisocial act and can be split up in three categories, i.e. blaming others, minimizing/mislabeling and assuming the worst. Several studies show juvenile delinquents to have more cognitive distortions than non-delinquent
Alford & Beck (1997) asserted that cognitive distortions arise from “patterns” and “predispositions”, indicating that this maladaptive pattern of thinking may be trait-like rather than state-like. This theory indicates that cognitive distortions play a pivotal role in the genesis, maintenance, and …show more content…
(Barriga, Mark & Carl, 2008; Nas, Daniel & Willem, 2005; Larden, Martin, Lennart, Ulrika & Niklass, 2006) In relation to anti-social behavior, Gibbs and Potter developed a four-category typology of cognitive distortions, which is nowadays most frequently used in this research field. First, they distinguished primary cognitive distortions, referring to self-centered attitudes and beliefs, from secondary cognitive distortions, which refer to rationalizations that serve to neutralize feelings of empathy-based guilt. Secondary cognitive distortions can preserve the self-image of the juvenile after an antisocial act and can be split up in three categories, i.e. blaming others, minimizing/mislabeling and assuming the worst. Several studies show juvenile delinquents to have more cognitive distortions than non-delinquent