In the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Caliphates, religion made many large impacts on society, which affected each place in similar and different ways. Religion had similar impacts on the expansion on both empires due to Islam and Christianity being universalizing religions. However, religion had different impacts on the unity in both places. The Great Schism was a prime example of the religious impacts on society. When the churches split into the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, great controversy arose and caused many social disputes in the Byzantine Empire. Meanwhile, Islam was extremely respectful towards others beliefs and traditions and stayed unified through the evolution of the religion. The impact religion had on
