Question 1: What makes the first study a case-control study? The first study is a case control study. According Leon Gordis in a case control study, to examine the possible relation of an exposure to a certain disease (cases) and, for purposes of comparison, a group of people without that disease (controls). In the first study the individuals with the disease who were smokers (cases) and individuals who were smokers with a different disease diagnosis (controls).
Question 2: What makes the second study a cohort study? The second study was a cohort study it meets the definition from Leon Gordis exposed and non-exposed persons are compared (Gordis, p239) this was a study of the past smoking habits of persons (population) and died during the …show more content…
Currently, there is more innovative information about cancer including information about the stages of the disease that may not require hospitalization. Improvements in outpatient treatment combined with early identification may eliminate those diagnosed with the disease from being characterized by the cases making the sample not very representative of all persons with lung cancer.
Question 7: How representative of the general population without lung cancer are hospitalized patients without lung cancer? Persons who are hospitalized usually have poor health compared to those of the general population. They may also participate in more risk-taking behavior or high-risk activities such as smoking, drinking, drug use, or work in situations where exposure to other substances may increase their chances to develop lung cancer.
Question 8: How may these representativeness issues affect interpretation of the study's results? If the cases and controls are not representative of the population, the results of the study will be biased. This would be a case of selection bias. Selection bias occurs when the relation between exposure and disease is different from those
Question 2: What makes the second study a cohort study? The second study was a cohort study it meets the definition from Leon Gordis exposed and non-exposed persons are compared (Gordis, p239) this was a study of the past smoking habits of persons (population) and died during the …show more content…
Currently, there is more innovative information about cancer including information about the stages of the disease that may not require hospitalization. Improvements in outpatient treatment combined with early identification may eliminate those diagnosed with the disease from being characterized by the cases making the sample not very representative of all persons with lung cancer.
Question 7: How representative of the general population without lung cancer are hospitalized patients without lung cancer? Persons who are hospitalized usually have poor health compared to those of the general population. They may also participate in more risk-taking behavior or high-risk activities such as smoking, drinking, drug use, or work in situations where exposure to other substances may increase their chances to develop lung cancer.
Question 8: How may these representativeness issues affect interpretation of the study's results? If the cases and controls are not representative of the population, the results of the study will be biased. This would be a case of selection bias. Selection bias occurs when the relation between exposure and disease is different from those