In Emma Bunker and Jenny So’s Traders and Raiders on China's Northern Frontier, both of them examine the closely related connection between ancient China and its northern region. I think there is one thing important to pay extra attention. For the newcomers in the fourth-first century, the new tribes change from semisedentary pastoralism to full-scale transhumance. At the same time, tribes demand something that is useful for their daily routine, rather than luxury goods. Therefore, the large numbers of belt plaques are commissioned to be produced by Chinese craftsmen with particular zoomorphic symbols. I am impressed by this kind of cultural customization or assimilation happened in Silk Road. For a while, I thought China was the main exporter
