Fish’s consist of a diverse amount of species each known for their characteristics that set them apart from the rest. The characteristics that make the general understanding of a fish are, vertebrate, aquatic, Gills rather than lungs, paired limbs(fins) for locomotion, and are covered with scales. When we see fishes in aquariums we have an irresistible urge to tap the glass, and in doing so, a lot of the fishes get startled and move away performing a sequence of steps called an c-start used as an escape mechanism, the name was give due to their characteristic shape. The intricacies of the c-start are important to figure out why such an escape reflex comes to action; the escape reflex is studied on the Goldfish (carassius auratis) by Mirjany
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The lateral line consists of neuromasts that are specialized in the detection of the changes in the water, thus can identify sound fields, the neuromasts are innervated by the anterior lateral line nerve (aLLn) and posterior lateral line nerve(pLLn), which are found in the head and trunk of the fish respectively. Mauthner cells (m-cells) are important in the startle response which help the fish avoid the cause of the stimulus. M-cells are a pair of reticulospinal neurons that are found in the hindbrain of fishes, the m-cells main input are hair cells, but the lateral line plays a key role in its function. The aLLn has been found to have faster conduction times compared to the pLLn because it innervates the hindbrain. In an article published by (Mirjany et al., 2011), the transection of the pLLn did not affect the escape response and its directionality. The primary of focus of the article studied for this paper is on the role of an input by the aLLn to the …show more content…
Administration of APV did not impact the early onset, but slightly reduced the later parts of the EPSP, the same results were seen by administration of APV+CNQX, but the later components were largely reduced thus exposing the role of AMPA in the response. 50Hz stimulation was given which impacted the later part of the EPSP rather than the first, but administration of .25Hz caused the second peak to recover. The article suggests morphological research on the lateral dendrite shows that presence of mixed junctions, electrical and chemical. When the aLLn was stimulated, maximum readings were seen in the region that is closer to the soma, compare to the pLLn that is
The lateral line consists of neuromasts that are specialized in the detection of the changes in the water, thus can identify sound fields, the neuromasts are innervated by the anterior lateral line nerve (aLLn) and posterior lateral line nerve(pLLn), which are found in the head and trunk of the fish respectively. Mauthner cells (m-cells) are important in the startle response which help the fish avoid the cause of the stimulus. M-cells are a pair of reticulospinal neurons that are found in the hindbrain of fishes, the m-cells main input are hair cells, but the lateral line plays a key role in its function. The aLLn has been found to have faster conduction times compared to the pLLn because it innervates the hindbrain. In an article published by (Mirjany et al., 2011), the transection of the pLLn did not affect the escape response and its directionality. The primary of focus of the article studied for this paper is on the role of an input by the aLLn to the …show more content…
Administration of APV did not impact the early onset, but slightly reduced the later parts of the EPSP, the same results were seen by administration of APV+CNQX, but the later components were largely reduced thus exposing the role of AMPA in the response. 50Hz stimulation was given which impacted the later part of the EPSP rather than the first, but administration of .25Hz caused the second peak to recover. The article suggests morphological research on the lateral dendrite shows that presence of mixed junctions, electrical and chemical. When the aLLn was stimulated, maximum readings were seen in the region that is closer to the soma, compare to the pLLn that is