Changes And Continuities Of Indus Valley Civilization

As discussed in chapter 1 there are three stages of culture; stone age, bronze age, and iron age. The bronze age also started in India and manifested during the Indus valley civilization. The civilization spanned approximately one million acres with the central location Indus delta. Punjab located beside the region formed the first civilization in India. The Indus Valley is divided into four eras; early food producing stage, emerging regions stage, Indus stage, and late Indus and transformative stage. These stages show to rise and later decline of Indus cities. Nonetheless, there were momentous changes in technology and production made during this time known as the first phase. Within this region a multitude of changes occurred to the environment, culture, cities, technology, and many other activities. …show more content…
Even today due to changing water patterns much of the area can’t be excavated due to high water. The cities that were able to be excavated provided valuable information on their material culture such as estimated population and their social class, daily life, food and trade, and other valuable information. Of the cities excavated, Mohenjodaro was the most advanced with well-constructed plumbing and sewer systems. Indus also showed advances in technology for building, crafts, irrigation, and even communication. The most remarkable is the widespread metal and jewelry that were usually only associated with upper-class. With their daily life they show special attention to jewelry, sanitation, nature and animals. Religiously, it seems they centered around a mother goddess and possibly horses (unicorns). In the end it may have been natural disasters that unfortunately lead to disassembly of these