Celiac Disease Essay

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disease caused by intolerance to gluten and dietary proteins present in wheat, rye, and barley. The disease usually manifests in childhood, and symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and failure to thrive. Symptoms in adulthood include anemia, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, and neurological symptoms.(1) It is the result of the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. The gliadin and glutenin fractions of wheat gluten and similar alcohol-soluble proteins in other grains are the environmental factors responsible for the development of the intestinal damage. The genetic predisposition is related to HLA (human leucocyte antigen) class II genes: most of CD Patients are HLA-DQ2positive, and the remaining patients are usually HLA-DQ8 positive.(2) The typical intestinal damage is characterized by loss of absorptive villi and hyperplasia …show more content…
There are many synonyms for this condition including MPDS, Mandibular Dysfunction Syndrome and the Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome.(8) Signs and symptoms of MPDS vary, but generally, the patient complains of one or more of the following: - Pain in the region of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), tenderness in the region of one or both joints, temporo-mandibular joint sounds like clicking or crepitation, restricted jaw opening, disturbed chewing pattern and locking of jaw.(9) Muscle pain is one of the commonest chief complaints of the patient and while it primarily involves jaw muscles, some times cervical muscles are affected as well. Headache caused by the muscular tension of the jaw muscles is another presenting feature.(10) The precise cause of MPDS is not fully understood. Postural, emotional and behavioral factors may contribute to