Borderline personality disorder is a severe mental illness that causes severe difficulties for the individuals diagnosed with it. This disorder is characterized by a severe problems with affect regulation, impulsivity, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. Clinical signs of the disorder include emotional dysregulation, impulsive aggression, repeated self-injury, and chronic suicidal tendencies (Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M., 2004). Borderline personality disorder is not very common but it does affects about 1–2% of the general population. This tallies up to 10% of psychiatric outpatients, and 20% of inpatients (Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M., 2004). Object
…show more content…
They may become fantasized interactions that are not necessarily realistic and are not neutral memories (Hoermann, S., Zupanic, C. E., Dombeck, M., 2013). The factual and fantasized information become blended together. It becomes organizes according to the dominant affect that is characteristic of that relationship. For example, an infant would be expected to have two separate object representations for each object; a good mommy object to store positively-toned affects and a bad mommy object used to store negatively-toned affect (Hoermann, S., Zupanic, C. E., Dombeck, M., 2013). Throughout childhood development and maturation, these two polarized representations would normally be expected to merge into one complex object representation containing both positive and negative ideas associated with mommy. The child understands that "good mommy" and "bad mommy" represent the same person and they become integrated into a single symbol. However, in some cases, this integration does not occur and the individual has a fantasized idea of their parent. This lack of integration cause disturbed cognition. According to Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M., (2004) patients show three levels of cognitive symptomatology: (1) troubling but non-psychotic problems, such as overvalued ideas of being bad, experiences of dissociation in terms of depersonalisation and derealisation, and non-delusional suspiciousness and ideas of reference; (2) quasi-psychotic or psychotic-like symptoms like transitory, circumscribed, and somewhat reality-based delusions and hallucinations; and (3) genuine or true delusions and hallucinations. (Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M., 2004). Disturbed cognition addresses the clinical observation that people live in two worlds simultaneously; the real, external world, and their
They may become fantasized interactions that are not necessarily realistic and are not neutral memories (Hoermann, S., Zupanic, C. E., Dombeck, M., 2013). The factual and fantasized information become blended together. It becomes organizes according to the dominant affect that is characteristic of that relationship. For example, an infant would be expected to have two separate object representations for each object; a good mommy object to store positively-toned affects and a bad mommy object used to store negatively-toned affect (Hoermann, S., Zupanic, C. E., Dombeck, M., 2013). Throughout childhood development and maturation, these two polarized representations would normally be expected to merge into one complex object representation containing both positive and negative ideas associated with mommy. The child understands that "good mommy" and "bad mommy" represent the same person and they become integrated into a single symbol. However, in some cases, this integration does not occur and the individual has a fantasized idea of their parent. This lack of integration cause disturbed cognition. According to Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M., (2004) patients show three levels of cognitive symptomatology: (1) troubling but non-psychotic problems, such as overvalued ideas of being bad, experiences of dissociation in terms of depersonalisation and derealisation, and non-delusional suspiciousness and ideas of reference; (2) quasi-psychotic or psychotic-like symptoms like transitory, circumscribed, and somewhat reality-based delusions and hallucinations; and (3) genuine or true delusions and hallucinations. (Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, M., 2004). Disturbed cognition addresses the clinical observation that people live in two worlds simultaneously; the real, external world, and their