In this article, specialists have constructed nanoscale electronic scaffolds that can be implanted with heart cells to produce a "bionic" cardiovascular patch. Once embedded, this patch acts very similar to a pacemaker which corrects arrhythmia by sending electrical shocks. These cardiac patches are engineered tissue that can successfully replace damaged tissue during or after a severe heart attack. By implanting these patches, cardiac specialists can now monitor and change the direction and frequency of signal propagations. Due to the monitoring of the cardiac patches, doctors can detect early health problems of the heart and intervene if necessary. These cardiac patches also serve as a tool to monitor a patient’s response to cardiac drugs
