Heart Disease is an umbrella term which includes a range of conditions that affect the heart (Figure 1). The term cardiovascular disease which can be used interchangeably with heart disease involves the heart, blood vessels or both (1). The causes for the same are diverse but atherosclerosis and/ or hypertension have been found to be the most common ones (2).
The term “cardiogenic dementia” introduced in 1977 identified a link between impaired cognition and cardiac disease (3). A number of studies since then have examined this link with different cardiac conditions (4-6). However, some conditions still remain untouched and need to be explored. Available literature shows that most of the cognitive domains get affected as a result of cardiac …show more content…
Two main approaches to cognitive training have been investigated: (a) Strategy based training which aims to compensate for inadequate cognitive processes and (b) Process-based training which aims to restore impaired cognitive processes (7).
Different theories and models underlie these approaches. The model of adult cognitive plasticity supports the use of computerized cognitive interventions [Eg: Auditory Cognitive Training (ACT)] by stating that activities that continuously adapt to the subject’s performance by adjusting task difficulty help enhance cognitive functioning (15). Such process based cognitive retraining activities that target information processing ability result in greater cognitive improvements and wider transfer to improved everyday functioning as compared to other approaches …show more content…
This theory suggests that if the initial perceptual processes (Eg: processing speed) which later cause difficulty is higher order cognition (Eg: working memory) can be improved, then the latter can also be improved (12). Such ACT activities may improve the brain's ability to receive, process, store and utilize auditory information which can further enhance higher order functions of attention and memory (16).
Further, data from Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study also revealed that retraining of speed of processing ability helps improve everyday cognitive performance (11). Additionally, computerized plasticity based cognitive training intervention called Brain Fitness showed improved performance on memory (17). Another Virtual Week Training program to rehabilitate prospective memory revealed positive results (7).
Studies with healthy controls using the above-mentioned paradigms have also revealed improved performance, QOL and high satisfaction levels with provided intervention (17). Face to face and computerized cognitive training exercises have shown the efficacy of these interventions even over time (13, 17). Additionally, most of these interventions have high applicability and feasibility as they can be carried out at
The term “cardiogenic dementia” introduced in 1977 identified a link between impaired cognition and cardiac disease (3). A number of studies since then have examined this link with different cardiac conditions (4-6). However, some conditions still remain untouched and need to be explored. Available literature shows that most of the cognitive domains get affected as a result of cardiac …show more content…
Two main approaches to cognitive training have been investigated: (a) Strategy based training which aims to compensate for inadequate cognitive processes and (b) Process-based training which aims to restore impaired cognitive processes (7).
Different theories and models underlie these approaches. The model of adult cognitive plasticity supports the use of computerized cognitive interventions [Eg: Auditory Cognitive Training (ACT)] by stating that activities that continuously adapt to the subject’s performance by adjusting task difficulty help enhance cognitive functioning (15). Such process based cognitive retraining activities that target information processing ability result in greater cognitive improvements and wider transfer to improved everyday functioning as compared to other approaches …show more content…
This theory suggests that if the initial perceptual processes (Eg: processing speed) which later cause difficulty is higher order cognition (Eg: working memory) can be improved, then the latter can also be improved (12). Such ACT activities may improve the brain's ability to receive, process, store and utilize auditory information which can further enhance higher order functions of attention and memory (16).
Further, data from Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study also revealed that retraining of speed of processing ability helps improve everyday cognitive performance (11). Additionally, computerized plasticity based cognitive training intervention called Brain Fitness showed improved performance on memory (17). Another Virtual Week Training program to rehabilitate prospective memory revealed positive results (7).
Studies with healthy controls using the above-mentioned paradigms have also revealed improved performance, QOL and high satisfaction levels with provided intervention (17). Face to face and computerized cognitive training exercises have shown the efficacy of these interventions even over time (13, 17). Additionally, most of these interventions have high applicability and feasibility as they can be carried out at