The Chinese initially came to America as cheap laborers, and when the economy strengthened more migrated into the western regions of the U.S. looking …show more content…
This inflow of Chinese immigrants was described by Charlotte Brooks in Alien Neighbors as the beginning of the anti-Asian movement. “In San Francisco… a ferociously anti-Chinese movement flourished and labeled all Chinese filthy, undesirable, and even subhuman… in fact, no other racial or ethnic group in the city of San Francisco (or anywhere else in the country) experienced any thing close to the kind of segregation the Chinese did by the 1880s (Brooks, Alien Neighbors, 12).” The anti-Asian movement was based on an underlying belief in scientific racism. Scientific racism is an ideology that there is scientific proof to support or justify the belief in racism. The presence and mass numbers of Chinese instigated policies and practices that reflected this belief system including the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which excluded Chinese from being able to immigrate and naturalize; the 1913 Alien Land …show more content…
In Carol McKibben's Beyond Cannery Row, which analyzes the processes of migration and settlement of Sicilian, they came to Monterey because of the opportunities happening in the fishery industry. “Sicilian fishing community in Monterey valued hard work, sobriety, thrift, and family, which conformed to traditional American middle-class values (McKibben, Beyond Cannery Row, 101).” In their assimilation into Monterey’s society, Sicilian women were viewed as the decision makers and as the backbone of the community. “Italian women found opportunities to express their ethnicity through celebration, mainly through food prepared during holidays. Their cooking and baking skills made them "authentic" in the eyes of family and community in important ways (McKibben, Beyond Cannery Row, 99).” Sicilian women use the festa to essentially save their families from the challenges of political conflicts over citizenship and segregation during World War II. So, the Sicilians presence instigated change in polices and social practices in the urban environments of California in regard to women’s place in