As CX is a prodrug, the body will convert the CX prodrug into an active metabolite and the CYP enzymes are too active for ultra-rapid metabolizer, as a result, the drug level in plasma will increase rapidly. Hence, it can explain some patients may experience CX overdose symptoms when they take only one drug and CX with the…
In the early 90s opioids were widely used because their few adverse effects and low abuse potential, nevertheless the tools were limited for monitoring responses and chronic use. In that time were a dramatic increase in the over-prescribing of opioids medications due to the misuse, abuse, diversion and addiction. There is a broad spectrum in the response, adverse events, lack of efficacy due to single nucleotide polymorphism variants or development of tolerance to these kind of medications.…
OBJECTIVE #1 - The clinical manifestation of, and risk factors for, rhabdomyolysis • Rhabdomyolysis is a condition of skeletal muscle breakdown due to the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream, including myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, and electrolytes (DynaMed Plus, 2016). • The patient may experience systemic symptoms that may include fever, malaise, nausea, dyspepsia, emesis, muscle pain, weakness and swelling of injured muscles, tea-colored urine (DynaMed Plus, 2016). • High statin dosage and renal disease combined are associated with an increased risk for developing rhabdomyolysis (Wiley, 2006, p. 357). Other high risk factors include the use of drugs and/or alcohol, high body temperature,…
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this lab is to describe possible genotypes of corn and plants in procedure 17.2, and find their color and height ratio; in procedure 17.3 codominance will be observed in human blood, and the blood types of unknown samples will be determined. In procedure 17.4, Rh positive and Rh negative will be tested for in blood samples. A unit of heredity on a chromosome is called a gene.…
Should significant resources be expended in order to phase out the use of animals in preclinical testing? Topic Preclinical animal testing is an outdated research method which is inaccurate, unethical, and extremely costly; sponsor companies should expend the necessary resources to begin adopting non-animal testing models as they become available in order to progressively reduce, and ultimately discontinue their use of animals. The contents of this paper will discuss supporting ethical, scientific, and economic evidence, in addition to evaluating possible opposing arguments, and proposing a relevant plan of action. Background Preclinical animal testing has been a boiler plate topic for nearly a century.…
AOD9604 AOD9604 is a peptide which was developed by a company called Metabolic Pharmaceuticals in Australia in the late 1990s. AOD stands for "Anti Obesity Drug". Another name for AOD9604 is Lipotropin, this drug has recently been in the media connected with controversies to players of the Essendon Football Club in 2012.…
According to Drugs.com (2016), Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant, and it affects the signals in the brain that cause/trigger cough reflex. Dextromethorphan should not be taken with alcohol it is extremely dangerous and can have life threatening side effects. Taking diet pills, caffeine pills and other stimulants can clash with dextromethorphan. The side effects of dextromethorphan are severe dizziness, anxiety, restlessness, confusion, and shallow breathing. A number of drugs could potentially clash with dextromethorphan such as celecoxib, darinfenancin, quinidine, ritonavir, sibutramine, and many antidepressants such as Zoloft (p.1).…
Difficult Detox Drug addiction and substance abuse are not only prominent with the use of ‘street drugs’, the epidemic has been increasingly present in the world of prescription medications as well, even those that are used to ‘wean’ people off of other illicit drugs. Here are a list of some of the most commonly abused prescription, or ‘legal’ drugs, and their self-detox risks. SubOxone: The intended use of SubOxone is the treatment of opiate addiction, however, many individuals develop a dependency on this ‘alternative’ as well.…
Joseline Jacamo To the Bitter End: A Case Examining the Genetics of PTC Sensitivity First part : Questions 1. What L.H Snyder is inferred by using “Mendelian marker” is to convey that all Mendelian traits which is inherited from the parent and pass down to its offspring can be utilized as a maker. 2. Some question that Dr. Snyder could ask is “How would you know if PTC is an inherited trait?. In addition, “How are you going to test if PTC is an inherited trait or not?.…
Since the 1950’s, antidepressants have been the most overused drug on earth (Medical). The usage of antidepressants are increasing by the minute. According to the Medical News Today (MNT) article, in the year of 1996, nearly thirteen million people were users of antidepressants (Medical). According to Jon Jureidini and Anne Tonkin, the possibility of harm from the overuse of antidepressants has attracted far less attention (Jureidini 623). Many antidepressants are overused all over the world.…
Other issues with disulfiram treatment include the progression of peripheral neuropathy [Filosto et al., 2008; Frisoni and Monda, 1989]. This side effect is dose dependent and data suggests that the decreased ALDH2 activity and subsequent buildup of acetaldehyde are the cause of the disease, as in individual possessing the ALDH2*2 mutation. A dose of greater than 250mg/day is the greatest factor in causing symptoms, so reducing the dosage or halting drug administration can reverse the symptoms in most cases [Frisoni and Monda, 1989]. Unfortunately for those who possess the ALDH2*2 mutation, the individuals are more susceptible to develop alcohol-induced peripheral neuropathy from consumption of ethanol. In a study by Masaki et al.…
One of the drugs or rather class of drugs I’d like to discuss are opioids. These drugs/medications which have the tendency to be highly abused, but because of their properties in treating pain, these drugs are widely utilized in modern medical practices. Since the body naturally produces pain killers which are trace amounts of opioid compounds, actual pain killers or opioids enhance these pain killing mechanisms, therefore creating a significant potential for abuse in patients. This is discussed in detail in substance use and abuse in module 4.5. For example heroin has been used and abused throughout history, heroin is a derivative of opium which naturally occurs in poppy plants and by extension trace amounts of heroin could be found in opiate…
Safety Risk Assessment for Medication Errors Medication errors are the primary patient issue at most medical facilities. The risk management team her at the hospital would like to assist nurse managers in reducing the number of errors made by new employees concerning medications. The purpose of this paper is to: Discuss the most frequent cause and incidence rate of medication errors, to incorporate a continuous quality improvement process for reducing medication error, talk about rationale for reducing the medication errors, and Identify two actions the nurse should take to assist with reduction of medication errors. Medication Errors…
Reviewing medication list of elderly population can become challenging with the increased number of medications that one may take. Care should be taken to consider the elderly patients medical history, medication reaction history, and changes that the patient may be experiencing as they age. The patient may have tolerated and had benefits from medications for years, but as they age, dosages may need to be reevaluated. Medications may even need to be changed to a less aggressive approach as systems decline with advanced years. “Drugs can interact to alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of a drug or interact in a synergistic or antagonist fashion altering their pharmacodynamics.…
CYP CORE 3.1 UNDERSTAND CHILD AND YOUNG PERSON DEVELOPMENT 1.1 EXPLAIN THE SEQUENCE AND RATE OF EACH ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT FROM BIRTH -19 YEARS. Physical Intellectual Language Emotional Social Spiritual Physical Development…