What is botox
Botulinum neurotoxin is produced naturally by Clostridium botulinum, a gram positive spore forming bacteria. It has eight different serotypes named Type A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G. Botulinum toxin type A is the most powerful and longest acting of all and used widely for therapeutic purpose. It consists of two polypeptide chains : a heavy chain and a light chain linked together by a disulphide bond. It is synthesized in an inactive single peptide chain with a molecular mass of 150kD. Recently, Type B Botulinum Toxin is also commercially available in market. Mechanism of Action
The main site of action of Botulinum toxin is neuromuscular junction. Normally, at the junction, when action potential depolarises the axon terminal, acetylcholine is released from the synaptic cleft. This process is facilitated by a transport protein, named SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) …show more content…
The heavy chain is responsible for binding of the molecule with the nerve terminals. It is followed by internalization of the molecule. After that, light chain acts by inactivating the SNARE proteins which leads to inhibition of release of the Ach from the junction, and finally resulting in paralysis of the muscle. The inhibitory effect lasts for around 3 months following that, restoration of the SNARE protein complex occurs. Axonal sprouting and endplate elongation are also responsible for the reversal of the muscle action.
Indications:
i) Functional
Botox was first approved by FDA in 1989 for treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm as well as spastic lid disorders of facial nerve e.g. hemi facial spasm and Meigh Syndrome over 12 years.
Cervical Dystonia
Various types of strabismus
Chronic migraine who have 15 or more days each month with headache lasting 4 or more hours each
Botulinum neurotoxin is produced naturally by Clostridium botulinum, a gram positive spore forming bacteria. It has eight different serotypes named Type A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G. Botulinum toxin type A is the most powerful and longest acting of all and used widely for therapeutic purpose. It consists of two polypeptide chains : a heavy chain and a light chain linked together by a disulphide bond. It is synthesized in an inactive single peptide chain with a molecular mass of 150kD. Recently, Type B Botulinum Toxin is also commercially available in market. Mechanism of Action
The main site of action of Botulinum toxin is neuromuscular junction. Normally, at the junction, when action potential depolarises the axon terminal, acetylcholine is released from the synaptic cleft. This process is facilitated by a transport protein, named SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) …show more content…
The heavy chain is responsible for binding of the molecule with the nerve terminals. It is followed by internalization of the molecule. After that, light chain acts by inactivating the SNARE proteins which leads to inhibition of release of the Ach from the junction, and finally resulting in paralysis of the muscle. The inhibitory effect lasts for around 3 months following that, restoration of the SNARE protein complex occurs. Axonal sprouting and endplate elongation are also responsible for the reversal of the muscle action.
Indications:
i) Functional
Botox was first approved by FDA in 1989 for treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm as well as spastic lid disorders of facial nerve e.g. hemi facial spasm and Meigh Syndrome over 12 years.
Cervical Dystonia
Various types of strabismus
Chronic migraine who have 15 or more days each month with headache lasting 4 or more hours each