Blastema Cells: A Case Study

Regeneration of the axolotl is dependent upon the blastema (Aguilar et al 2015). The blastema formation takes place during dedifferentiation. (Satoh et al 2010). The blastema is formed from progenitor cells in the uninjured limb by re-expressing embryonic genes. The origin of these blastema cells are controversial, as many have a hypothesis of where are originally derived. (Whited & Tabin 2009). For instance, Aguilar et al (2015) suggests that the formation of the blastema is dependent on nerve signaling that recruits undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that interact with wound epithelium that induce keratinocytes to form the apical epithelium cap (AEC). Signaling from the cap is required for dedifferentiation cells in the limb stump, leading to the formation of the blastema. These cells then multiply and dedifferentiate to form the missing parts of the limb. According to Whited & Tabin, (2009), earlier works proposed that some of these cells came from dedifferentiated muscle fibers adjacent to the amputation site due to signs of cellularization and presumed that they created mononucleated cells. …show more content…
Proliferation of these cells are dependent upon the number of nerves present in the stump. (Aguilar et al 2015; Whited & Tabin 2009). If denervated limbs unsuccessfully regenerate, the wound will close outwardly, and the blastema will not proliferate enough. (Aguilar et al, 2015; Satoh et al 2010). Regeneration can be saved by cDNA coding of the protein, nAG (Whited & Tabin 2009). This protein Skin wounds without a deviated nerve and wounds of denervated limbs reform a basal lamina within few days after injury. However, the basal lamina under the apical epidermal cap does not reform until the end of