Q10. There are five different stages of sleep that a person goes through when they are sleeping. These stages are differentiated by the theta activity (slow wave sleep) that takes place in each stage. The first stage that takes place involved theta activity which means the firing of neurons in the neocortex has begun. During this level of sleep there is an EGG level of 3.5-7.5 HZ. The EEG level is the electrical activity that takes place within the brain, it is recorded through electrodes that are connected to the scalp of a person’s head. This stage is considered to be a transition period, because the person is going through the progress of being awake to being asleep. The next stage is signaled by the person’s EEG level becoming erratic and
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The exact causes of bipolar disorder (mania depression) is unknown although there are several factors that help in the triggering of bipolar disorder. However changes in the brain of those with bipolar disorder are apparent. How these changes are significant is still unknown to researchers. There is also an imbalance in neurotransmitters of the brain, which seems to play significant role in bipolar disorder. There is also the thought that there are imbalances of the hormones that are significant to the cause of bipolar disorder. Although researchers do not know the gene that bipolar disorder is represented in they have found that those with relatives that have bipolar disorder are more likely to have it themselves. Lastly it is said that environmental conditions may affect bipolar disorder. These environmental effects include abuse, stress, and traumatic …show more content…
Huntington’s disease is a basal ganglia disease that is caused by deterioration of the caudate nucleus and putamen. Huntington’s disease has symptoms of uncontrollable jerky movements, they look like they are parts or fragments of a complete movement. This disease is first shown when there is a deterioration in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, or more specifically in the spiny inhibitory neurons that have axons that move to the external division of the globus pallidus. With the loss of inhibition, which is provided by the GABA secreting neurons, the activity of the GPe is increased. This then will inhibit the subthalamic nucleus. Because of this, the consequence is that the GPi activity level will decrease leading to extreme amounts of movement to take place. Huntington’s disease is a hereditary disease caused by a dominant gene in the 4th chromosome. There is a defective gene located on that chromosome that has a repeated sequence that codes to be an amino acid glutamine. This sequence will create the protein known as huntingtin or Htt. Htt interrupts the functioning of the ubiquitin-protease system resulting in dying of cells that occurs because of the activation an enzyme. Currently there is no effective treatment for Huntington’s disease. However the antibody of Happ1, which acts as an intracellular, will help yield the production of Htt and stop the symptoms from
The exact causes of bipolar disorder (mania depression) is unknown although there are several factors that help in the triggering of bipolar disorder. However changes in the brain of those with bipolar disorder are apparent. How these changes are significant is still unknown to researchers. There is also an imbalance in neurotransmitters of the brain, which seems to play significant role in bipolar disorder. There is also the thought that there are imbalances of the hormones that are significant to the cause of bipolar disorder. Although researchers do not know the gene that bipolar disorder is represented in they have found that those with relatives that have bipolar disorder are more likely to have it themselves. Lastly it is said that environmental conditions may affect bipolar disorder. These environmental effects include abuse, stress, and traumatic …show more content…
Huntington’s disease is a basal ganglia disease that is caused by deterioration of the caudate nucleus and putamen. Huntington’s disease has symptoms of uncontrollable jerky movements, they look like they are parts or fragments of a complete movement. This disease is first shown when there is a deterioration in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, or more specifically in the spiny inhibitory neurons that have axons that move to the external division of the globus pallidus. With the loss of inhibition, which is provided by the GABA secreting neurons, the activity of the GPe is increased. This then will inhibit the subthalamic nucleus. Because of this, the consequence is that the GPi activity level will decrease leading to extreme amounts of movement to take place. Huntington’s disease is a hereditary disease caused by a dominant gene in the 4th chromosome. There is a defective gene located on that chromosome that has a repeated sequence that codes to be an amino acid glutamine. This sequence will create the protein known as huntingtin or Htt. Htt interrupts the functioning of the ubiquitin-protease system resulting in dying of cells that occurs because of the activation an enzyme. Currently there is no effective treatment for Huntington’s disease. However the antibody of Happ1, which acts as an intracellular, will help yield the production of Htt and stop the symptoms from