The failure to present a cause and effect relationship between the theories of the causes of crime is the major shortcoming of the biological theory of criminal behavior. Biological theories of criminal behavior have faced stiff criticism because they fail to predict criminal behavior. The biological theories of crime claim to understand the causes of criminality, but failing to predict future behavior serves to deem those theories useless in the eyes of many who seek to reduce crime and recidivism rates. The lack of a true causal relationship is evident to the critics of biological theories. For example, although a presence of a high level of testosterone might exist in an individual who commits a crime, not all individuals who have high
