Autism refers to a developmental disability significantly verbal and nonverbal communication and social interactions, generally evident before age 3 that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Other characteristics often associate with autism are engagement …show more content…
In autism speaks inform that in the presence of a genetic predisposition to autism, several nongenetic, or environmental, influence further increase a child’s risk. The clearest evidence of these environmental risk factors involves events before and during birth. They include advanced parental age at time of conception (both mom and dad), maternal illness during pregnancy, extreme prematurity and very low birth weight and certain difficulties during birth, particularly those involving periods of oxygen deprivation to the baby’s brain. Mothers exposed to high levels of pesticides and air pollution may also be at higher risk of having a child with ASD. It is important to keep in mind that these factors, by themselves, do not cause autism. Rather, in combination with genetic risk factors, they appear to modestly increase …show more content…
Researches in the US began to us the term “autism” to describe children with social and emotional problems, in 1944 German scientists Hans Asperger describe a milder form from autism known today has the Asperger’s disorder. In 1965 Us psychologist Bernal Rimland stablished the Autism Society of America, one of the first advocacy groups for parents of children with autism. In 1980 the diagnosis of Autism and Pervasive developmental disorders were added to the DMS-lll later in 1994 Asperger’s disorder was official added to the DSM-lV in the article of Autism The latest revision of DSM--DSM-5, published in May, 20134 --adopted the umbrella term autism spectrum disorder without a definition of subtypes, and reorganized the triad into a dyad: difficulties in social communication and social interaction; and restricted and repetitive behavior, interests, or activities (table 1 ). Atypical language development (historically linked to an autism diagnosis) was removed from the criteria, and is now classified as a co-occurring condition, even though large variation in language is characteristic of autism.5 The new criteria give improved descriptions and organisation of key features, emphasise the dimensional nature of autism, provide one diagnostic label with