1. Auscultation method provides a closer to true value systolic blood pressure (SBP). Despite the existence of a potential auscultatory gap, where an underestimation of SBP can occur, crosschecking with the palpation method can eliminate this potential error. The palpation method as well is also subjected to many sources of error, such as strength of the pulse, location etc., and it requires the cuff to be more deflated, giving a lower systolic pressure reading, making it only a good estimate.
2. The common physiological determinants for pulse pressure, (SBP) and (DBP), are (SV), (CO) and compliance of arterial (aorta). The pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressures, are also contributing determinants for pulse pressure. …show more content…
When a person is in the supine position, their blood pressure (BP) is distributed evenly; we see in the experiment the subject had a normal range SBP of 119mmHg, and DBP of 63mmHg, with a HR of 71bpm. When a person stands, due to the effect of gravity, blood from brain, heart and lungs is redistributed to the lower extremities of the body – the legs. This reduced blood volume results in decrease of venous return, and thus a decrease in SV, which causes an overall, reduced arterial blood pressure. We observe from the experiment, immediately after standing, the subject’s SBP decreased to 70mmHg, DBP to 40mmHg reflecting the expected lowering of blood pressure. The decrease in SV, by the relationship CO= SV x HR caused a decrease in CO, which in turn reduced the MAP to 51mmHg. However, this fall in blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors (stretch receptors) found at the aortic arch and carotid sinus, where the sit above the heart, which allows them to detect the lowered blood pressure when the person stands. They then initiate compensatory responses to restore blood pressure levels, by decrease rate of signaling, and activating the sympathetic neurons to constrict the arterioles, thereby increasing TPR, and constricting the veins to increase venous return by valves or muscle, respiratory pumps, therefore increasing cardiac output, and all resulting in increasing the blood pressure. This is reflected in the minutes following after subject stood up, within the first minute …show more content…
Increased blood flow is essential to the working skeletal and cardiac muscle, skin, the lungs and the brain. As exercise continues, body temperature rises, and a mechanism is needed to maintain homeostasis by meeting these thermoregulatory demands. The body needs to lose heat, and does so through convection, by increased blood flow to the skin. Cardiac muscle requires an increase blood flow (venous) in order to be able to pump more oxygen rich blood to the muscles. During exercise, rate of breathing increases, more oxygen is absorbed, which is provided to the blood, subsequently blood flow is increased to the muscles, so they can have more oxygen. For this reason, lungs need an increase in blood flow to continue to provide this oxygen for the muscles. Lastly, it is essential that the brain maintain a constant supply of blood, to sustain delivery of oxygen to the
2. The common physiological determinants for pulse pressure, (SBP) and (DBP), are (SV), (CO) and compliance of arterial (aorta). The pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressures, are also contributing determinants for pulse pressure. …show more content…
When a person is in the supine position, their blood pressure (BP) is distributed evenly; we see in the experiment the subject had a normal range SBP of 119mmHg, and DBP of 63mmHg, with a HR of 71bpm. When a person stands, due to the effect of gravity, blood from brain, heart and lungs is redistributed to the lower extremities of the body – the legs. This reduced blood volume results in decrease of venous return, and thus a decrease in SV, which causes an overall, reduced arterial blood pressure. We observe from the experiment, immediately after standing, the subject’s SBP decreased to 70mmHg, DBP to 40mmHg reflecting the expected lowering of blood pressure. The decrease in SV, by the relationship CO= SV x HR caused a decrease in CO, which in turn reduced the MAP to 51mmHg. However, this fall in blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors (stretch receptors) found at the aortic arch and carotid sinus, where the sit above the heart, which allows them to detect the lowered blood pressure when the person stands. They then initiate compensatory responses to restore blood pressure levels, by decrease rate of signaling, and activating the sympathetic neurons to constrict the arterioles, thereby increasing TPR, and constricting the veins to increase venous return by valves or muscle, respiratory pumps, therefore increasing cardiac output, and all resulting in increasing the blood pressure. This is reflected in the minutes following after subject stood up, within the first minute …show more content…
Increased blood flow is essential to the working skeletal and cardiac muscle, skin, the lungs and the brain. As exercise continues, body temperature rises, and a mechanism is needed to maintain homeostasis by meeting these thermoregulatory demands. The body needs to lose heat, and does so through convection, by increased blood flow to the skin. Cardiac muscle requires an increase blood flow (venous) in order to be able to pump more oxygen rich blood to the muscles. During exercise, rate of breathing increases, more oxygen is absorbed, which is provided to the blood, subsequently blood flow is increased to the muscles, so they can have more oxygen. For this reason, lungs need an increase in blood flow to continue to provide this oxygen for the muscles. Lastly, it is essential that the brain maintain a constant supply of blood, to sustain delivery of oxygen to the