1. Introduction
Antimicrobials have proved to be one of the most successful medicinal discoveries in history, principally because they have turned bacterial infections which were once the leading cause of death, into controllable conditions.[1, 2] These molecules inhibit the reproduction, prevent vital processes occurring, or destroy the bacterial cell wall to aid in fighting infectious diseases.[3, 4] Antimicrobial therapy is one of the foundation stones of modern medicine, and without effective antimicrobial therapies to limit bacterial infections many modern medical procedures would be considerably more risky, if not a complete waste of time and resources.[5] In addition, rates of morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections would …show more content…
Professor Stuart B. Levy a physician from Tufts University affirms that the more antibiotics are used, the more resistance develops, demonstrating the fact that resistance is a product of evolution, and the more bacteria that are exposed to antimicrobials, the more will resistance be spread and …show more content…
Of the 38973 surgical patients observed, 1,325 developed SSIs and 78 of those died.[36] According to Teillant et al, between 38.7% and 50.9% of all pathogens causing SSIs are resistant to standard prophylactic antimicrobials, as illustrated in Table 5.[37] It was also noted that a 30% decrease in the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical procedures would result in 120,000 additional SSIs and 6300 infection related deaths per year in the USA alone.[37] Abboud et al reported that in-hospital mortality was 33% for post-surgical mediastinitis (inflammation of the tissues in the mid chest or mediastinum) with the majority a direct result of resistant bacteria.[38] Currently it is estimated that 13,120 infections after prostate biopsy are attributed to fluoroquinolone resistant bacteria in the USA, which accounts for 42% of all infections related to prostate
Antimicrobials have proved to be one of the most successful medicinal discoveries in history, principally because they have turned bacterial infections which were once the leading cause of death, into controllable conditions.[1, 2] These molecules inhibit the reproduction, prevent vital processes occurring, or destroy the bacterial cell wall to aid in fighting infectious diseases.[3, 4] Antimicrobial therapy is one of the foundation stones of modern medicine, and without effective antimicrobial therapies to limit bacterial infections many modern medical procedures would be considerably more risky, if not a complete waste of time and resources.[5] In addition, rates of morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections would …show more content…
Professor Stuart B. Levy a physician from Tufts University affirms that the more antibiotics are used, the more resistance develops, demonstrating the fact that resistance is a product of evolution, and the more bacteria that are exposed to antimicrobials, the more will resistance be spread and …show more content…
Of the 38973 surgical patients observed, 1,325 developed SSIs and 78 of those died.[36] According to Teillant et al, between 38.7% and 50.9% of all pathogens causing SSIs are resistant to standard prophylactic antimicrobials, as illustrated in Table 5.[37] It was also noted that a 30% decrease in the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical procedures would result in 120,000 additional SSIs and 6300 infection related deaths per year in the USA alone.[37] Abboud et al reported that in-hospital mortality was 33% for post-surgical mediastinitis (inflammation of the tissues in the mid chest or mediastinum) with the majority a direct result of resistant bacteria.[38] Currently it is estimated that 13,120 infections after prostate biopsy are attributed to fluoroquinolone resistant bacteria in the USA, which accounts for 42% of all infections related to prostate