similar results in a clinical population. Also, other SES factors may be contributing to cognitive abilities, such as marital status of caregivers or whether the child is with their biological, adoptive, or foster parents. The SES of mothers of children with FASD is consistently lower than control subjects, however many children with prenatal alcohol-exposure do not live with their biological mothers (May et al., 2011). Future research should examine these variables to define which factors of SES are explicitly contributing to differences in general cognitive ability in alcohol-exposed children compared to non-exposed children. Finally, a stable measure of SES usually includes measures of education, income, and occupation. Therefore, identifying
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Quality of interactions between parent-child seem to help increase typically developing children’s general cognitive ability but does not seem to effect alcohol-exposed children or children with clinical behavior problems. However, levels of household income within a family seems to be a sensitive measure, as it distinguishes differences in alcohol-exposed children to children with clinical behavioral problems. Utilizing these two factors of SES together provide a more comprehensive explanation to the differences of cognitive ability among these groups. The evidence presented does not imply that a child’s SES will lead to an inflexible trajectory of cognitive development. Many other factors account for variance in brain development and still need to be examined further. School and home based interventions have shown improvements in cognitive abilities for children with various levels of SES (Noble et al., 2015). However, all analyses suggest that FASD is a developmentally-limiting condition and those with an FASD may be less responsive to the social advantages that accompany higher household income and parental
Quality of interactions between parent-child seem to help increase typically developing children’s general cognitive ability but does not seem to effect alcohol-exposed children or children with clinical behavior problems. However, levels of household income within a family seems to be a sensitive measure, as it distinguishes differences in alcohol-exposed children to children with clinical behavioral problems. Utilizing these two factors of SES together provide a more comprehensive explanation to the differences of cognitive ability among these groups. The evidence presented does not imply that a child’s SES will lead to an inflexible trajectory of cognitive development. Many other factors account for variance in brain development and still need to be examined further. School and home based interventions have shown improvements in cognitive abilities for children with various levels of SES (Noble et al., 2015). However, all analyses suggest that FASD is a developmentally-limiting condition and those with an FASD may be less responsive to the social advantages that accompany higher household income and parental