By having a thicker gel, smaller segments can move better and not be cleared out by bigger segments. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is used to replicate DNA. In Lab 5, we created PCR amplicons by collecting our own DNA through our cheek cells, adding Taq DNA polymerase, dNTPs, primer, and a proper buffer solution into a PCR tube.…
Title Occurrence of microRNA expressions using two macronutrient deficiencies presented to Arabidopsis Thaliana Introduction Arabidopsis Thaliana was the model chosen for this experiment. It was used for miRNA expression because its entire genome is already sequenced (Weems 362-369). It is also easy to grow in difficult conditions and has a short lifespan.…
Biology 15 Lab # 4 Professor Passerini September 23, 2015 Scot Albert Lab #4 Questions 1a,b,c, 2, 3a,b,c, 4, 5a,b,c, 7, 11c, d, e, 12a,b ---------------------------------------------------------- 1- a-They are found primarily in the thylakoid membranes. b-No. Cyanobacteria do not have distinct nuclei.…
To start these procedures a person will do a test using Colony PCR. This will be done by touching a toothpick to a selected colony and swirling with the matching 25 uL of PCR. Lastly, a person will visualize their DNA using gel electrophoresis. First, add 1.0 uL of 10X loading dye and 10uL PCR product and mix. Then Use a micropipette to load 10 uL of sample in the next open well, this will be adjacent to the preloaded DNA ladder done by the teaching assistant.…
SDS-Page/Coomassie Blue Analysis: Make a stacking gel for the SDS Page. Then, make the 12% resolving gel by using deionized water with 4X resolving buffer, 10% APS, 30% Acrylamide, and TEMED in a vial. Pour the stacking gel on top of the resolving gel and then insert the plastic comb to show the wells. Place the gel in an electrophoresis tank that is filled with 500 mL of electrophoresis buffer. Vortex, boil, and centrifuge the G0, G3, GCE, W4, W4, E3, E2 samples, and the ladder.…
Agmatine is a well known neurotransmitter. It also works as a neuromodulator in certain processes in the body. It is prepared through the removal of a carboxylic group from L-Arginine. It is naturally stored in the neurons and therefore used in the nervous system whenever required. Agmatine was discovered over 100 years ago in 1910 by Kossel.…
The agarose gel is poured onto a plastic plat forming wells, and then DNA samples are placed in small wells. When samples are added to their relative wells, gel and plastic plate are…
There are no concrete studies that has determine the actual dose of Ginkgo extract to achieve an actual benefit. The components of ginkgo ( flovanol glycoside, terpenes) do not significantly inhibit human cytochrome P450 isoforms in vitro liver microsomal studies, and the clinical important of this information is unknown. Absorption has been through the small intestine. Studies have shown half-life of ginkgolides A and B, bilobalide are 4.5, 10.6, and 3.2 hours with peak levels at 2-3 hours. Most studies of ginkgo extract used the standardized extract of EGb 761, with standardized contain of 24% flavonoid glycoside and 6% terpenoids.…
In the late first century the author Tacitus addressed the extreme oppression imposed by the Roman empire by writing about the actions of his father-in-law, Agricola. Tacitus even used the enemies of the empire to address the growing immorality that went hand in hand with imperial rule. Tacitus used his writing as a medium of criticism towards the empire by talking about the moral values of a specific few to be contrasted against the empire as a whole. The difference between how the public viewed the empire and what Tacitus wrote offered to the reader a stark contrast of moral and immoral.…
The number of base pairs for the PGEX-KG (original) plasmid and PGEX-KG SAW1 (clone gene) is different. PGEX-KG- Saw1 has 794 bp more than original plasmid. The single digestion for both PGEX-KG and PGEX-KG-Saw1 will make a single cut in their respective restriction sites. The clone and original plasmids will become linearized and the PGEX-KG-Saw1 will be longer than PGEX-KG because of the insertion of Saw1.…
After completing a series of washes, students quantified the amount of DNA in their sample using the NanoVue Spectrophotometer. Using their results from the NanoVue, students were able to determine the amount of their sample DNA and PCR master mix they needed to add to PCR tubes. Then, the samples were loaded into the PCR machine to amplify DNA samples. Once the PCR cycle was complete, samples were stored in a freezer at -20⁰C. With the products from PCR, students used Gel Electrophoresis to separate electrically charged molecules. Gel Electrophoresis requires 3 steps; preparing a gel solution, gel electrophoresis, and photographing the gel.…
Purpose: The overall goal of this lab was to perform a procedure on E. Coli which involved transferring genes that encoded for the green fluorescent protein into E. Coli to see if the transferred genes would make a difference on the growth and whether or not the bacteria would glow under UV light. Hypothesis: If the bacteria with the pGLO plasmid was grown on a plate containing LB and ampicillin then the bacteria will grow but not glow under UV light. If the bacteria with the pGLO plasmid was grown on a plate containing LB, ampicillin, and arabinose then it will be able to grow and glow under UV light. If the bacteria without pGLO plasmid was grown on a plate containing LB and ampicillin then it will not be able to grow or glow under UV light.…
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images and spectra were obtained from various samples of silica and platinum on silica. Each sample contains unique structures which were prepared by etching the surface of silica in different conditions. A scanning electron microscope is a type of electron microscope that produces images of topography and composition by scanning a sample with a focused beam of electrons. Samples can be observed in high vacuum, low vacuum, in wet conditions, or at elevated temperatures.…
Preparation for Cell Lysis Obtain the mammalian expression vector for homo sapien ESR2 from Addgene. Assemble the vector to code for the proteins snail, slug and twist. Transfect HEK293 cells with the modified plasmids in petri dishes. Allow the cells to grow for 1-2 days so they will express the proteins. Transfer the culture medium to a centrifuge tube to separate it from the cells.…
Introduction In this lab report I use two different techniques to identify Unknown A and Unknown B bacteria’s. These techniques are gram staining and metabolic testing. I first used Gram staining to distinguished and identify the bacteria’s. Han Christian discovered gram staining in 1882, he had biopsy a patient lung that had pneumonia.…