Name: Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
AKA: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) – Common
Organ: Cysts form in the proximal convoluted tubules, Bowman’s capsule and collecting ducts of the kidneys. With time, the cysts enlarge. Patients can also present with cysts in the liver, pancreas, lungs, spleen, ovaries, seminal vesicles, testes, epididymis, thyroid, uterus, and bladder.
Labs: Proteinuria (50% of patients), azotemia, hematuria, anemia
Signs and Symptoms: Abdominal and lumbar pain, HTN
Sonographically: Bilateral, enlarged kidneys. Renal capsule is poorly outlined and distorted central echogenic renal sinus due to numerous variable sized cysts throughout cortex.
Complications: Infection, renal calculi, cyst rupture, hemorrhage, …show more content…
Labs: Usually normal
Signs and Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic, however pain, hydronephrosis, infection and urinary calculi may develop.
Sonographically: Bilateral hyperechoic medullary pyramids without acoustic shadowing with possible calculi.
Differential Diagnosis: Nephrocalcinosis and Papillary Necrosis
Page Numbers: 289 and 291 Name: Uremic Medullary Cystic …show more content…
There is significant cortical tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Kidneys are small with a sharply defined cortical surface. This is the key to identifying this disease since seeing cysts in the medulla is difficult with ultrasound.
Page Numbers: 289-291 Name: Cystitis
AKA: Urinary Tract Infection/Bladder Inflammation
Organ: Infection ascends to bladder from perineal area and urinary tract. Can possibly continue from bladder to ureters and then to the kidneys.
Labs: Urine test to check for bacteria, blood or pus
Signs and Symptoms: Bladder, groin, lower abdomen, pelvic pain. Persistent urge to urinate, cloudy, dark, foul smelling urine or blood in urine. More common in females due to shorter urethra and proximity to perineal area.
Sonographically: Depends on type of cystitis. Generally, a thickened, hypoechoic, irregular bladder wall. Cystic structures may appear along bladder wall.
Types: Bullous – common, due to infection; Candida Albicans; Catheter induced; Cystic; Emphysematous (e-coli accounts for 85% of all UTIs); Encrusted; Glandularis; Hemorrhagic; Purulent; Radiation induced;
AKA: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) – Common
Organ: Cysts form in the proximal convoluted tubules, Bowman’s capsule and collecting ducts of the kidneys. With time, the cysts enlarge. Patients can also present with cysts in the liver, pancreas, lungs, spleen, ovaries, seminal vesicles, testes, epididymis, thyroid, uterus, and bladder.
Labs: Proteinuria (50% of patients), azotemia, hematuria, anemia
Signs and Symptoms: Abdominal and lumbar pain, HTN
Sonographically: Bilateral, enlarged kidneys. Renal capsule is poorly outlined and distorted central echogenic renal sinus due to numerous variable sized cysts throughout cortex.
Complications: Infection, renal calculi, cyst rupture, hemorrhage, …show more content…
Labs: Usually normal
Signs and Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic, however pain, hydronephrosis, infection and urinary calculi may develop.
Sonographically: Bilateral hyperechoic medullary pyramids without acoustic shadowing with possible calculi.
Differential Diagnosis: Nephrocalcinosis and Papillary Necrosis
Page Numbers: 289 and 291 Name: Uremic Medullary Cystic …show more content…
There is significant cortical tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Kidneys are small with a sharply defined cortical surface. This is the key to identifying this disease since seeing cysts in the medulla is difficult with ultrasound.
Page Numbers: 289-291 Name: Cystitis
AKA: Urinary Tract Infection/Bladder Inflammation
Organ: Infection ascends to bladder from perineal area and urinary tract. Can possibly continue from bladder to ureters and then to the kidneys.
Labs: Urine test to check for bacteria, blood or pus
Signs and Symptoms: Bladder, groin, lower abdomen, pelvic pain. Persistent urge to urinate, cloudy, dark, foul smelling urine or blood in urine. More common in females due to shorter urethra and proximity to perineal area.
Sonographically: Depends on type of cystitis. Generally, a thickened, hypoechoic, irregular bladder wall. Cystic structures may appear along bladder wall.
Types: Bullous – common, due to infection; Candida Albicans; Catheter induced; Cystic; Emphysematous (e-coli accounts for 85% of all UTIs); Encrusted; Glandularis; Hemorrhagic; Purulent; Radiation induced;