Acute Post-Streptoccal Glomerulonephritis Case Study

Synopsis: Acute Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is the consequence of an antigen-antibody reaction where insoluble immune complexes develop and become trapped in glomerular tissue producing swelling and death of capillary cells. APSGN can happen at any age, yet, it is most common in children between the ages of three and seven; and affects more boys. than girls. The most likely cause of the throat infection in the six-year old child is due by a group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection. The disease is not cause by the bacteria itself, but by the body own immune system. He does not require treatment, as natural recovery will resume. . Causes and symptoms: Facial swelling or edema is one of the signs and symptoms of APSGN. …show more content…
Due to the kidney inability to remove excess fluid, fluids increases in the body, causing swollen around the eyes. Producing some degree of malaise, tiredness, anorexia, and not feeling well. The dark urine or hematuria is the result of blood in the urine because the inflammation is allowing the seepage of red blood cells into the urine. The edema, or the hematuria is one the most clinical findings that caused patients and families to seek medical care. The cause of hypertension is most likely due to retention of sodium and water with resulting expansion of the extracellular space. The complications of high blood pressure include: headache, dizziness, vomiting or even seizures, which can bring attention to the presence of the diagnosis. The presence of one or all of the following signs in a child indicates the diagnosis …show more content…
Urinalysis provides important data, such the presence of proteinuria, hematuria and cell debris (red cells and cast). The urine dipstick test is one of the most suitable tools that can show trace of hemoglobin and myoglobin rather than the presence of RBCs. Proteinuria is the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in the urine. Protein in the urine does not cause a problem by itself. But it may be a sign that the kidneys may not be working properly. Hematuria is the presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine. Proteinuria should be quantified and differentiated; both of them these can be done either from collected urine from a spontaneously voided urine sample by determination of the protein/creatinine quotient. Hematuria can be characterized as either glomerular or nonglomerular erythrocyturia. The presence of dark brown-colored urine, RBC casts, and dysmorphic, small, deformed, sometimes divided RBCs and proteinuria is indicative of glomerular hematuria. The presence of dysmorphic RBCs and RBC casts indicating that both dysmorphic RBCs and casts in the urinary sediment can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with renal