The Transporter

It activates the GLUT4 inward glucose transporter in muscle and fat and promotes phosphorylation of glucose in the liver. The whole body thus stores fats in adipocytes and glycogen in the liver. These stores are maintained and when the muscles require glucose, then the demand can be met through…

does not express the fluoride transporter in the rock-dissolving organ as an adult we will be utilizing the Cre/loxP system with a temporal control over the expression of Cre, so that we can, in a sense “deactivate” the expression of the loxP surrounded gene by the addition of an exogenous substance in a particular tissue. To create this model mini-horta we must create two lines of mini-horta, one with loxP sites surround the gene coding for the fluoride transporters, and another expressing the…

After astrocytes remove glutamate from the ECS, glutamate must be isolated and degraded. Glutamate transporters are bidirectional, so intracellular elevations of glutamate levels will lead to an electrochemical gradient-mediated release if the molecule is not destroyed. If glutamate release is unregulated glutamate accumulates in the ECS and impairs the survival of neurons. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) helps degrade glutamate into a-ketoglutarate, an intermediary in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)…

Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, primarily glucose, are maintained by the body within a narrow range. This phenomenon of tight regulation is commonly referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin and glucagon are the most well-known of the hormones involved. Blood sugar levels are regulated by negative feedback in order to keep the body in homeostasis. The levels of glucose in the blood are monitored by many tissues, but the cells in the pancreas's Islets…

Dead End Like magic, colors swirled through the air and you could practically feel the static in the air. Three people surrounded an arched-shaped device. They chucked bloody body after bloody body through the back of the device. The device flared wildly before dimming after each body passed through, never to be seen again. On December 1, 2345, Abby Emperado set off to her trip to the Philippines to visit her family. What started off as a light storm to the Grand Teleportation…

In 1956, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration first approved the use of Ritalin as an oral tablet with the active ingredient as methylphenidate hydrochloride. At first, Ritalin was mainly prescribed for use to treat chronic fatigue, depression, narcolepsy, and to offset the sedating effects of other medications. During the 1960s researchers focused on Ritalin as a form treatment of "hyperkinetic syndrome," which in now commonly known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In the…

were shown to be effective in other mental disorders, but also there are other problems which are the delay in the onset of the effect (Hirschfeld); no effect on most of the subjects in many studies (Kirsch); and the argument about the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (Lopez-Leon et al., 2005). Any one of these would challenge the credibility of the monoamine…

the patients are not able to properly absorb these monosaccharaides, leading to an excess amount of glucose and galactose in the digestive track. 2. These patients are lacking the monosaccharide transport protein SGLT1 (Gropper, 70). SGLT1 is a transporter resting in the apical membrane of the brush boarder of the small intestine. It is responsible for transporting both sodium and glucose into the…

can strategically manage this trade-off and maximize reward totals. To determine whether dopamine enhances novelty seeking, we systemically inhibited the dopamine transporter (DAT) and examined how this pharmacological manipulation affected novelty seeking during decision making. We manipulated dopamine by injecting the dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor, GBR-12909, or saline, before the animals performed a probabilistic three-arm bandit task where novel options were randomly introduced. DAT…

same time. The people communicated to their partner they were going but since several people left at the same time it left the floor unprepared. I watched the extra staff transporter help answer a call light that ended up taking her a large majority of time because the patient could not be left alone in the bathroom. The transporter had told one of the nurses she would help get her patient set up in their room because they were completed with surgery and coming to the floor.…