Mitochondrial DNA

Currently, there is one procedure widely used to detect mutations that could lead to heredity diseases or genetic diseases harmful to the future child’s health. When a woman wants to be a mother, she can choose in vitro fertilization (IVF) where the eggs of the mother are removed and mixed with sperm in a laboratory ("Fertility Treatment: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)"). It is during this time embryo selection can occur if the mother wishes. The mother can choose a procedure called…

Within the last decade or two scientists started doing extensive research projects on human DNA. Scientists hoped to find ways to prevent diseases, and in some cases get rid of them all together. In recent years they have found that by genetically altering the DNA makeup of an embryo they can change characteristics and cut out entire DNA strands of diseases altogether. Science has made it possible for parents to begin choosing characteristics that they wish to have in their children. The…

The “Pointless” Artificial Creation The matter of cloning reached a peak when CEO of BioArts International, Lou Hawthorne, announced to his company that they were no longer offering dog-cloning services by giving demand of cloning for a an uninterested market and unethical competition between international markets as one of the reasons for the stoppage. A similar situation of total disregard to organism creation through laboratorial procedures was observed in Ehrlich’s article talking about the…

of the use of designer baby (CRISPR) technology from a social, environmental, political or economic point of view. Positives: Some positives are, parents can give their child genes that they don’t carry such as blonde hair and it eliminates mitochondrial diseases. It gives biologists and genealogists a better understanding of genes, it could increase a human lifespan up to around 30 years and it allows parents to give children as healthy a life as possible. Taking folate during pregnancy…

Piazza 1994; Lahr and Foley 1994). Migration waves are influenced by landscape traversed and thus, natural inter continental passageways acting as corridors played a key-role in the evolutionary history of human population migration events. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism (mtDNA, Y chromosome markers (Cordaux et al., 2004), microsatellites (Belle and Barbujani 2007) and autosomal genes (Wang et al.,1998) are…

can be obtained through specific forms of DNA analysis, which include testing for monogenic recessive or monogenic dominant condition, as well as more nonspecific forms of analysis, such as disease susceptibility testing (Julia & Itsik, 2007, p. 440). A national genetic databases would be a collection of the genetic records of all the citizens within a country. Though some find the creation of a genetic…

information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) (3). SIRT1 belongs to a protein family consisting of seven (SIRT1-SIRT7) individual members that are unique Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-deacetylases. They regulate cellular energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and modulate stress responses by interacting with multiple signalling proteins, transcriptional factors and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) (33). In the study by…

This theory also explains why the mitochondria contains its own ribosomes (Bolsover, S., Hyams, J., Jones, S., Shephard, E. and White, H. 1997) and circular genome very similar to that of a bacterial genome (Allison, L. 2007) also why the mouse mitochondrial DNA was shown as more closely related to the prokaryotic sequences than to the house mouse…

their unicellular eukaryotic ancestors. Some features of the programmed cell death that are expressed by L. major cells during the process is cell shrinkage, phosphatidyl serine exposure on the cell surface, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption and the degradation of the cell’s DNA. Other drugs — UV treatment, heat shock, etc.— that typically induce apoptosis in mammalian cells can also get similar results from L. major. This goes…

transcription occurs via recruitment of histone acetylases, chromatin modulating proteins, and DNA methyltransferases (Dang et al, 2006). C-myc can also repress transcription through association with Miz1. In its normal function, Miz1 is a transactivating protein that associates with two coactivators, p300 and Npm1. Upon association of c-myc with Miz1, these coactivators get displaced and the Myc/Miz1 complex can recruit DNA methylases and repress transcription (Wiese et al., 2013). C-myc…