information. One way is through observation in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Cross-sectional studies allow researchers to compare different population groups at the same time (“Cross-sectional Studies vs. Longitudinal Studies,” n.d.). So, if a psychologist wanted to see how many words on average a 2 year old says, he could randomly select a certain number of children who were the same age and observe them to get the information he was seeking. Longitudinal research is utilized when a researcher wants to test the same group of people…
When longitudinal studies and cross sectional studies are compared with one another, they are very similar; however, there is a major difference between the two. Cross sectional studies observe data at one single point in time, whereas longitudinal studies take place over a period of time, and have at least 2 waves of measurement. (Trochim, 2006) In other words, time is the main variable that is used in a longitudinal study, while cross sectional allows for conclusions to be drawn.…
their usage and awareness about them. A lot of problems stem from this issue which are getting in the way of their effective use. There is an immense need to address this matter and this was the driving force behind this research. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Patients who visited outpatient departments of Allied Hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical College i.e. Holy Family hospital and Benazir Bhutto hospital were interviewed to assess their level of awareness about antibiotics’ adverse…
A Cross Sectional study to see for various factors having influence on the choice of contraceptive use in females of different socioeconomic background Introduction Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health therefore implies that people are able to have an independent, self-satisfying and safe sex life with desired frequency, pleasure, autonomy…
literature review and analysis. Articles were dedicated to numerous studies in order to retrace an intellectual abilities in LBW children during their growth and…
by the study has been gathered by the California Nursing Outcomes Coalition project (CalNOC), “a growing national focus on patient safety that galvanized the media, clinicians, consumers, and policymakers to conclude that the health care system was exposing patients to iatrogenic risks, errors, omissions and complications resulting in unnecessary suffering and complications, prolonged recovery, extraordinary costs and 44,000 to 98,000 unnecessary deaths nationally per year.” (CITATION?)…
The study being proposed is if meditation has an effect on rheumatoid arthritis. The motivation for this study that is being proposed is due to arthritis as a common diagnosis for a type of pain people have in their body. When pain is occurring, people tend to focus on the location of the pain, but, if meditation was done, maybe the pain would go away. This study is worth doing because this could change the treatment of arthritis for people. Meditation is free and has no specific time of day…
of 132 participants does not represent the estimated 5.3 million US citizen children living with an undocumented parent. The small sample is a threat to the external validity of the study. It is important to note that this study does not represent a homogenous group. The sample is considered to be a convenience sample and cannot be echoed as a representative of the Latino immigrant community. Overgeneralization needs to be prevented because the sample does not represent an entire community.…
Medrano et al. (2014)19 conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in 67 family caregivers of AD and evaluated for burden intensity with the Zarit scale and for both depression and anxiety using the respective Hamilton scales. 84% of caregivers were female, and 52% were older than 50 years. A total of 36% exhibited caregiver burden; 19% anxiety symptoms; and 43% depressive symptoms. No statistical significance was found between age, sex and number of hours of care. There was a significant…
This cross-sectional study was performed to compare quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcers. Health related quality of life is used to measure how chronic illnesses interfere with a person’s life because their quality of life is how they perceive it. Medication control and usage, dietary restrictions, and symptoms of diabetes all affect the patient’s quality of life. This study was performed between May and June 2011 in a hospital in Southeastern Anatolia…