Cell cycle

to make cells to survive. Old cells die and need to be replaced. In order for living things to continue to grow, cells are constantly being made. OpenStax states that the process of new cells being made is called cell division (2013). There are three types of cell division and those are binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis. Binary fission is a quick and simple process involving replication, elongation, separation, and daughter cells. Meiosis and mitosis are more complicated processes of cell…

Neurofibromatosis is a neurological disease that is caused by a mutation on the gene that codes for a protein called neurofibromin. Neurofibromin maintains the job of the protein called “ras” in regulation. Ras ensures the regulation of cell division, so when a mutation occurs, the cells do not know when to stop dividing, thus causing tumors. These tumors grow underneath the skin, on the nerves, and in the brain (“Neurofibromatosis Type 1”). There are three different types of this disease, NF1,…

studied this topic to investigate if the cohesion complex has any influence on chromosome instability and if it does, how to correct it. This is important because chromosome instability is proposed to be a major contributor to the acceleration of cancer cell evolution1, and as a previously overlooked source, cohesion fatigue can induce chromosome instability. The authors focused on the cohesion complex in this study since in a previous study they identified that a certain protein, Ska3, was…

reproducing populations. Mitosis is the process a cell must go through to divide its nucleus to form two new cells. This occurs after Interphase so that all DNA and proteins have been synthesized. Mitosis goes through five phases including: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During each of these phases, the information within the cell is either being prepared to split, lined up equally, or actually splitting in half that way a new cell can have the same information.…

living is composed of different living parts called cells. Cells are the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. The human body has many different types of cells which all exist to perform different tasks and functions. Without cells all organisms would cease to exist. Like all living things, the cell must also reproduce and eventually die. Cells reproduce through a series of division called…

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a challenging oncology problem. A reliable biomarker for invasion and metastasis in oral cancer patients remains to be more clarified. β-catenin acts as a structural protein at cell-cell adherence junctions and as a transcription activator mediating Wnt signal transduction. Altered β-catenin expression has been associated with loss of cell differentiation and acquisition of an invasive phenotype. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is an…

The Microscopic Identification of the Phases of Mitosis Using Onion Root Tip Cells Lauren Harvey and Jason Levigne Background: Mitosis is part one of the Mitotic Phase. The overall outcome the Mitotic Phase is taking one diploid cell (2n) and splitting it into two diploid (2n) cells. The Mitotic Phase includes two parts: Mitosis and Cytokinesis. The main goal of the Mitotic Phase is to achieve two things, both division of the genetic nuclear material, otherwise known as DNA, and the division of…

Life goes and comes with different experiences and adventures, as the life of two beautiful sisters. These pair of sisters used to be all the time together, share everything, and have the same stuff, even sharing their own living space. They were called the sisters chromosome. These two sisters were like twins, always together and living in the same nucleus. This was normal for them, as if they had the same genes and the same components that made them be so unified. These two sisters were…

Our results are in agreement with Ghoneum et al.(38) results, which showed that at the ratio of cancer cells to yeast (1 : 10) induced 21.4 % of dead cancer cells by making phagocytosis of yeast into the cancer cell and thereby induction of cancer cell apoptosis in a caspase independent mechanism. Earlier studies have been shown that breast cancer cells (BCCs) in a culture can phagocyte latex beads and fluorescent Matrigel. That study has confirmed the phagocytic activity by…

In cell theory, it is known that all cells arise from pre-existing living cells, through cell division. In cell division, this involves the supplying of identical genetic material from the parent cell, DNA and protein, to two daughter cells. It results in the daughter cells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. We need cell division as it is used in reproduction of new species, growth and repair of damaged cells and tissues, and to reduce the cell size. Larger cells are…