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The protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom. Electrons move about in the space round the nucleus. An uncharged atom has equal numbers of electrons and protons.
A proton has a positive charge. An electron has an equal negative charge. A neutron is uncharged.
i) Adding electrons to an uncharged atom makes it negative.ii) Removing electrons from an uncharged atom makes it positive.
i) Insulating materials that lose electrons when rubbed become positivelyLike charges repel; unlike charges attract.charged.ii) Insulating materials that gain electrons when rubbed become negativelycharged. An electric current is a flow of charge.
An isolated metal object that is initially uncharged will gain charge if it isbrought into contact with a charged object.A metal object is earthed by connecting it to the ground.
Applications of electrostatics include the electrostatic paint sprayer, the electrostatic precipitator to remove smoke and dust particles from flue gases and the photocopier. i) A spark from a charged object can make powder grains or certain gases explode.ii) To eliminate static electricity, use antistatic materials and earth metal pipes and objects (i.e. connect them to the ground).
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